Since early 2020, a deadly pandemic caused by a new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened public health, world economies, and quality of life on a global scale. As of August 2024, the COVID-19 outbreak has caused over 775 million confirmed cases and over 7 million deaths worldwide. It is estimated that the economic toll of the pandemic has reached >$14 trillion.
Unlike the previous CoV outbreaks, which were successfully managed using public health measures, containment of SARS-CoV-2 will require a concerted effort involving vaccines and therapeutics, along with public health measures. While the successes with first generation of CoV vaccines have been remarkable, it is becoming clear that a better and long-term solution to end the current pandemic and prevent future outbreaks is desperately needed, with the development of a preemptive next-generation Coronavirus vaccine.